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The
First Geography Congress, which was convened in
Ankara in 1941, at the conclusion of the research
that had continued for a long time, separated
Turkey into seven geographical regions. During the
congress activities, the fact that Turkey is
surrounded by sea on three sides, the presence of
mountain ranges lying parallel to the length of
the long coastline, the fact that these mountains
separate the high, but slightly steep and uneven
central section from the influence of the sea and
because of this, factors such as the climate,
natural plant cover and the distribution of types
of agriculture, and the influences of these on the
transportation systems and the types of housing
between the coastal strip and the central sections,
had been taken into consideration and it was
possible to divide Turkey into four border and
three inner regions. The first four of the seven
regions determined were given the names of the
seas which are adjacent to them (the Black Sea,
the Marmara, the Aegean and the Mediterranean
Regions). The other three regions were named in
accordance with their location in the whole of
Anatolia (Central, Eastern and South-eastern
Anatolia Regions).
Stretching out on two continents, Turkey is a
paradise where one can experience the four seasons
simultaneously... Whether you are fond of art,
history, archeology or nature, you will feel the
happiness beyond desires and hopes during your
stay in Turkey.
Surrounded by the crystal clear waters of a
shinning sea at four directions, Turkey generously
offers her 8000km long shores before your eyes.
Turkey is also rich in flora and fauna.
Twenty fascinating civilizations render Turkey the
heir of 10.000 years old history which has still
been examined for further ancient secrets to be
brought up into daylight. These lands inhale at
any moment the mystery of the past through the
existenece of the statues of gods and goddesses,
temples, theathers, agoras, churches, mosques,
medresseh, palaces and caravanseraies. Becoming a
united whole of daily life and all other values,
Turkey forms the ideal circumstances.
ART &
CULTURE
Among the prominent statesmen of the 20th century,
few articulated the supreme importance of culture
as did Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of the
Turkish Republic, who stated: "Culture is the
foundation of the Turkish Republic." His view of
culture encompassed the nation's creative legacy
as well as the best values of world civilization.
It stressed personal and universal humanism. "Culture,"
he said, " is a basic element in being a person
worthy of humanity," and described Turkey's
ideological thrust as "a creation of patriotism
blended with a lofty humanist ideal."
To create the best synthesis, Ataturk underlined
the need for the utilization of all viable
elements in the national heritage, including the
ancient indigenous cultures, and the arts and
techniques of the entire world civilization, past
and present. He gave impetus to the study of
earlier civilizations of Anatolia -- including
Hittite, Phrygian, Lydian and others. Pre-Islamic
culture of theTurks became the subject of
extensive research which proved that, long before
the Seljuk and Ottoman Empires, the Turks had
already created a civilization of their own.
Ataturk also stressed the folk arts and folklore
of the countryside as a wellspring of Turkish
creativity.
The development of painting, sculpture and the
decorative arts had been arrested by Ottoman
officials, who claimed the depiction of the human
form was idolatry, but these arts flourished
during Ataturk's presidency. Many museums were
opened and architecture gained new vigor.
Classical Western music, opera and ballet, as well
as theater took impressive strides.Several hundred
"People's Houses" and "People's Rooms" all over
Turkey gave local people and youngsters a wide
variety of artistic activities, sports and
cultural affairs. Book and magazine publication
enjoyed a boom. The Film industry started to grow.
In all walks of cultural life, Ataturk's
inspiration created an upsurge.
Ataturk's Turkey is living proof of this ideal --
a country rich in its own national culture, open
to the heritage of world civilization and at home
in the endowments of the modern technological age.
GENERAL VISA INFORMATION FOR
BRITISH PASSPORT HOLDERS
British passport holders
travelling to Turkey require visa. Visas can be
obtained at the port of entry in Turkey or from
the Turkish Consulate General in London or Turkish
Diplomatic Missions in other countries.
Sticker type visas are issued at the port of entry
and allow staying in Turkey for up to 90 days. It
costs £10. If there is more than one person
travelling on the same passport, each individual
is liable to pay the visa fee. This type of visa
does not permit to engage in paid or unpaid
employment.
Those who wish to obtain entry visa from the
Turkish Consulate in London should apply to the
Consulate General. Visa fee is £40 and should be
paid by postal order or cash only. A passport size
picture should also be submitted during
application.
It is compulsory to have a minimum of three months
validity on your passport from the date of your
entry into Turkey.
Travel document holders need to apply to the
Consulate General in person with his/her travel
document with a validity of at least 6 months, a
passport size photo, fully filled application
form, latest bank statement, a reference letter
from his/her employer or school. The fee is 40
pounds sterling. All visas for travel document
holders are single entry.
For more information please contact Turkish
Consulate General in London.
The Consulate General for the Republic of Turkey
in London
Tel : 0207 591 69 00
Fax : 0207 591 69 11
Please note, that they are open for telephone
enquires between 14.00 and 16.00 hrs only
Visa Information Line: 09068 347 348 (24 hrs)
Address: Rutland Lodge
Rutland Gardens
Knightsbridge
LONDON
SW7 1BW
Web:
www.turkconsulate-london.com
E-mail:
tckons@btclick.com
CURRENCY REGULATIONS
Limits: You, a foreign national, can bring abroad
cash up to USD 5000 or equivalent amount of any
other foreign exchange.
Moreover, if you have declared the amount of your
money to customs authorities just prior to your
entry into Turkey, you are allowed to bring abroad
cash up to declared amount on your return.
On the other hand, you are free to transfer abroad
an amount of Turkish Liras or foreign exchange by
means of banks in Turkey
CUSTOMS REGULATIONS
On Entry:
The following items may be brought into the
country duty free personal effects of the tourist:
one TV, one colour pocket TV (maximum 16 cm screen),
one TV-tape-radio combination, one video recording
camera and 5 video cassettes (blank); 5 records, 5
tape cassettes or compact discs, one video player,
cine-projector (8 mm) and 10 rolls of film (blank),
one slide projector, one pocket computer (maximum
main memory capacity Ram 128k. Byte), electronic
playing devices (without cassette - keyboard).
one transistor radio and portable radio - tape
player (its specification to be determined by the
Ministry of Finance and Customs), one Walkman or
pocket tape recorder, one portable compact disc
player.
Binoculars (one pair, except night binoculars)
harmonica, mandolin, flageole, flute, guitar, and
accordion (only one of each type, maximum 3
musical instruments).
personal sports equipment.
necessary medical items.
bicycle, baby buggy, toys.
200 cigarettes and 50 cigars.
200 grams of tobacco and 200 cigarette papers, or
50 grams of chewing tobacco or 200 grams of pipe
tobacco, or 200 grams of snuff
(In addition to the above allowances, it is
possible to purchase 400 cigarettes, 100 cigars,
and 500 grams of pipe tobacco from the Turkish
Duty Free Shops upon entering the country).
1.5kg. coffee, 1.5kg. instant coffee, 500 grams of
tea.
1 kilo chocolate and 1 kilo sweets.
5 (100 cc) or 7 (70 cc) bottles of wines and/or
spirits.
five bottles of perfume (120 ml max. each).
one portable typewriter.
one camera with 5 rolls of film.
First aid, and spare parts for the car.
Other items necessary during the journey.
Valuable items and all items with a value of over
$ 15,000 must be registered in the owner's
passport upon entering Turkey, for control upon
exit.
Antiques brought into the country must be
registered in the owner's passport to avoid
difficulties on exit.
Sharp instruments (including camping knives) and
weapons may not be brought into the country
without special permission.
The bringing into the country, trade, and
consumption of marijuana and all other narcotics
is strictly forbidden and subject to heavy
punishment.
Gifts, not exceeding 500 DM in value and not for
trading purposes, may be brought into the country
duty free. In addition, gifts not exceeding 500 OM
in value may be posted to Turkey duty free, if the
date stamped by the sending post office falls one
month before, or one month after the following
holidays: Seker Bayrami, Kurban Bayrami, Christmas,
and New Year's.
Note: Cellular Telephones entering the country
must be accompanied by a certification form
showing ownership. Ownership must be documented in
the passport of the owner and will be checked on
entry and exit.
For more information contact the;
Ministry of Transportation, General Directorate at
Tel: 090 (312) 212 35 72 - 212 60 10 (10 lines)
Fax: (312) 221 32 26 or
write to Ulastirma Bakanligi Telsiz Gn. Md. Emek -
Ankara.
On Exit:
Gifts and souvenirs: for a new carpet, a proof of
purchase; for old items, a certificate from a
directorate of a museum is necessary.
Exporting antiques from Turkey is forbidden.
Valuable personal items can only be taken out of
the country providing they have been registered in
the owner's passport upon entry, or providing they
can show they have been purchased with legally
exchanged currency.
Minerals may only be exported from the country
with a special document obtained from the:
MTA Etudler Dairesi
(General Directorate of Mining Exploration and
Research)
06520, Ankara
Tel: 090 (312) 287 3430 /1622
Fax: 090 (312) 285 42 71
Tax Refund: You can receive a tax refund for the
goods you purchased in Turkey.
Travellers who are not resident in Turkey may
receive a refund of the Value Added Tax paid on
goods purchased in the country.
1. Refunds will be made to travellers who do not
reside in Turkey.
2. All goods (including food and drinks) are
included in the refunds with the exclusion of
services rendered.
3. The minimum amount of purchase that qualifies
for refund is 5,000,000 TL.
4. Retailers that qualify for tax refunds must be
"authorized for refund". These retailers must
display a permit received from their respective
tax office.
5. The retailer will make four copies of the
receipt for your refund, three of which will be
given to the purchaser. If photocopies of the
receipt are received the retailer must sign and
stamp the copies to validate them. If you prefer
the refund to be made by cheque, a Tax-free
Shopping Cheque for the amount to be refunded to
the customer must be given along with the receipt.
6. For the purchaser to benefit from this
exemption, he must leave the country within three
months with the goods purchased, showing them to
Turkish customs officials along with the
appropriate receipts and/or cheque.
7. There are four ways to receive your refund:
a) If the retailer gives you a cheque, it can be
cashed at a bank in the Customs area at the
airport.
If it is not possible to cash the cheque upon
departure or if you do not with to cash it, then
the customer must, within on month, send a copy of
the receipt to the retailer, showing that the
goods have left the country, who will, within then
days upon receiving the receipt, send a bank
transfer to the purchaser's bank or address.
b) If the certified receipt and cheque are brought
back to the retailer on a subsequent visit within
one month of the date of customs certification,
the refund can be made directly to the purchaser.
c) Retailers may directly refund the amount to
trustworthy customers upon purchase.
d) The refund may be made by the organization of
those companies that are authorized to make tax
refunds.
Additional Information:
Ministry of Finance and Tax Dept. General
Directorate
Maliye Bakanligi, Gelirler Genel Mudurlugu
KDV Subesi, 06100
Ulus/Ankara
Telephone: 00-90-312-310 38 80
Fax: 00-90-312-311 45 10 - 311 35 20
Alternatively you can visit:
www.globalrefund.com
Ministry of Finance and Tax Dept. General
Directorate
Maliye Bakanligi
Gelirler Genel Mudurlugu)
KDV Subesi 06100
Ulus - Ankara
Tel: 090 (312) 3103880 / 725
Fax: 090 (312) 3114510
HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR
ANIMALS
For those who wish to bring domestic animals into
the country the following are required:
A 'Certificate of Origin' giving the health record
of the animal.
A 'Certificate of Health', issued not more than 15
days before the animal's entry into the country,
stating that the animal is in good health and that
it has been vaccinated against rabies.
Note: If you have an official certificate, you may
bring one cat, one bird, one dog and 10 aquarium
fish into the country.
MOTORIST REGULATIONS
General:Those who wish to enter the country with
their vans, minibuses, automobiles, station wagons,
bicycles, motorcycles, motorbikes, sidecars, buses,
motor coaches, trailers, caravans or other
transport vehicles, will have to provide the
following documentation:
* Passport.
* International driving license.
* Car license (document where all details related
to the car and the owner's name are registered).
If it is somebody else's vehicle a power of
attorney should be provided.
* International green card (Insurance card). The
TR sign should be visible.
* Transit book "Carnet de passage" (for those who
want to proceed to the Middle East).
Period: The vehicle can be brought into Turkey for
up to 6 Months. The owner should declare on the
opposite form, the date of departure at the border
gate and should absolutely ve the country at the
date declared. If for any important reason the
staying period has to be ended, it is necessary to
apply to;
The Turkish Touring and Automobile Club (Turkiye
Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu)
1. Sanayi Sitesi Yani
4.Levent
Istanbul
Tel 090(212) 282 81 40(7 lines)
The General Directorate of Customs (Gumrukler
Genel Mudurlugu),
Ulus/ Ankara
Tel: 090 (312) 310 38 80
Fax: 090 (312) 31113 46 before the end of the
period declared.
In Case of Accident: The accident should be
reported to the police or gendarme. That report
has to be certified by the nearest local authority.
The owner should apply to the customs authority
with his passport and report.
If the vehicle can be repaired, it is necessary to
inform the customs authority first and take the
vehicle to a garage. If the vehicle is not
repairable and if the owner wishes to leave the
country without his vehicle, he has to deliver it
to the nearest customs office, and the
registration of his vehicle on his passport will
be cancelled. (Only after the cancellation can the
owner of the vehicle leave the country.)
Following an accident, you can telephone:
Traffic Police - Tel :154
Gendarme - Tel :156
YACHTING REGULATIONS
All yachts entering or leaving Turkey are required
to make their entry or departure at frontier ports.
PORTS OF ENTRY IN TURKEY:
Hopa, Rize, Trabzon, Giresun, Ordu, Samsun,
Inebolu, Sinop, Bartin, Zonguldak, Eregli,
Istanbul, Tekirdag, Derince, Gemlik, Mudanya,
Bandirma, canakkale, Akcay, Ayvalik, Dikili, Izmir,
Kusadasi, Didim, Gulluk, Bodrum, Datca, Marmaris,
Fethiye, Kas, Finike, Kemer, Antalya, Alanya,
Anamur, Bozyazi, Tasucu, Mersin, Botas, Iskenderun.
ENTERING TURKEY
If you wish to enter Turkey, after you have sailed
through international ports and waters, then you
are required to obtain a Yacht Registration Form,
which contains information about yachts and
yachtsmen. You will need to complete this form in
accordance with the explanations given there and
you will need to go through the Customs, Health
and Port procedures as per the international
regulations stated within those explanations and
in accordance with your declaration.
The cost of the Yacht Registration Form is $30.00
and it is valid for one year.
However, if the owner of the yacht or the legal
keeper of the yacht changes within that year and
if the yacht leaves Turkish Customs Area or the
Form is lost, then the term of validity of the
Form comes to an end. It is possible to obtain a
new Yacht Registration Form in such occurrences.
TRIPS WITHIN TURKISH WATERS OR BETWEEN TURKISH
PORTS
You, as the owner of the yacht and your guests on
the yacht, are entitled to sail freely in Turkish
waters and between ports, on condition that the
purpose of the trip is not commercial. You may
wish to sail between Turkish ports for the purpose
of travel, leisure or sport.
As long as the captain, crew and the yachtsmen of
the yacht remain the same on such trips, you can
sail freely to the bays on your route, except
forbidden areas, without the need to go through
any procedures.
If any change occurs between ports, in terms of
your captain, yachtsmen or crew, then you should
definitely make an application to the Director of
Port in your area and obtain a confirmation for
the change.
Foreign-flagged private yachts belonging to more
than one owner and yachts belonging to an
association or a yacht club, may be used by four
keepers only in one year.
If you are in our country with your yacht and you
wish to extend your visa for your stay, then you
will need to allocate a marina or a mooring place
licensed by the Ministry of Tourism, as your
address of residence and after you notify the
authorities of the address you will be granted an
extension. In such cases, the extension you can be
granted on your term of residence and visa may be
no longer than 5 (five) years, depending on your
term of contract that you have with the marina or
the moorage.
You can also use your own vehicle freely, after
you inform the Directorate of Customs, whilst you
stay in Turkey under the term of your visa and
residency.
Should you wish to leave Turkey for a period of
time temporarily with your yacht, you can leave
your road vehicle, if you have one, which you have
brought to Turkey, at places that are allocated
and monitored by the Customs authorities.
If, for example, you or your family need to be
collected from another port or taken to another
port, then your captain, on condition that he has
your written or fax instructions to do so, can
obtain a permit to sail from the Directorate of
Port and can sail to another Turkish port, forth
and back, without any yachtsmen or guests on
board.
Unless the authorities receive a complaint or a
claim, which should be made in accordance with the
regulations, no searches, either of your yacht or
for any goods, will be carried out. However, if
the authorities conduct a search upon receipt of a
complaint or a claim through the appropriate
channels and establish you to be in possession of
goods that are forbidden to be taken into Turkey,
then any such item or items will be seized by the
customs authorities and will not be returned until
your yacht leaves Turkish waters.
In such instances when you have to depart from or
enter Turkey for reasons of emergency,
extraordinary conditions or under the obligations
set out by the Law protecting life and property
afloat, it is an obligation to report the case to
the Turkish officials at the first port of arrival.
DIVING AREAS
Equipped diving is subject to obtaining permission.
You can obtain the relevant information and the co-ordinations
from regional Tourist and Information directorates.
CHANGES IN THE YACHT INVENTORY
Whilst your yacht is in Turkey, if due to any
reason (i.e. repairs, etc.) a change occurs in the
inventory of the yacht, you will be required to
have the necessary changes logged through the
relevant Customs officials on your Yacht
Registration Form.
Spare parts belonging to your yacht and other
material will be allowed to remain in Turkey as
long as your yacht remains in Turkey.
If any spare part becomes redundant following
repairs carried out on the yacht and the owner
wishes to take it out of Turkey, then the owner
will have to have such parts registered in the
inventory list of the yacht. You can also leave
your old spare parts with the customs officials in
accordance with the Customs Act 4458, section 164.
LEAVING YOUR YACHT IN TURKEY
Foreign-flagged yachts, on condition that they are
sailed by their owners once every two years, can
remain in Turkey up to five (5) years without a
requirement for any permission.
You can leave our country by another means of
transport during this period after you leave your
yacht at a marina or a moorage licensed by the
Ministry of Tourism.
LEAVING TURKEY
When leaving Turkish ports for international ports
with your yacht, you need to complete the relevant
section of the Yacht Registration Form, have it
confirmed by the Director of Port and complete the
required procedures at the Customs Directorate.
YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES
1) You are not allowed to use your private yacht
for commercial purposes unless you obtain the
necessary permission from the Ministry of Tourism.
2) You are not allowed to charge individuals you
have declared as your guests for any cruises.
3) You need to be aware that if any untruthful
declarations are being submitted, these will be
subject to legal proceedings brought against you.
4) If you export any historical artefacts, you
will be subjected to legal proceedings brought
against you. Such an act constitutes a crime.
5) You should not engage yourself in any way of
exchange of goods (buying or selling) that have
not yet been through the necessary customs and
duty procedures, with other yachts or ships. Such
an exchange is illegal.
Such occurrences as stated above are considered as
acts of crime internationally and in our country
and if such an act is established to have taken
place, then the legal proceedings to follow will
be in accordance with the relevant legislation in
Turkey.
FORMALITIES FOR PRIVATE
PLANE OWNERS
General: When coming to Turkey, international air
routes should he followed. Private planes may stay
for up to three months in Turkey with tourist
status, but for longer periods permission should
be obtained from
The General Directorate of Customs
(Gumrukler Genel Mudurlugu),
Ulus
Ankara
Tel: 090 (312) 310 3880
Fax: 090 (312) 311 1346
The airports of Ankara, Adana, Istanbul, Izmir,
Antalya, Trabzon and Dalaman have ties for private
planes. It is also possible to hire planes and
helicopters in Turkey.
For further information, apply to:
The Civil Aviation Department of the Ministry of
Transport
(Ulastirma Bakanligi, Havacilik Gen. Mud.)
Bosna-Hersek Cad.
No: 5 - 06338
Emek - Ankara
Tel: 090 (312) 212 67 30
Fax: 090 (312) 212 46 84
CLIMATE AND CLOTHING
WHEN TO COME
Marmara, Aegean, and Mediterranean coasts: These
coasts have a typical Mediterranean climate with
hot summers and wild winters. The swimming season
becomes shorter the further north one goes:
Marmara and North Aegean - June to September,
South Aegean and Mediterranean - April to October.
Black Sea Coast: warm summers, mild winters, and
relatively high rainfall.
Central Anatolia: Steppe climate with hot, dry
summers and cold winters.
Eastern Anatolia: Long snowy, cold winters with
mild summers.
Southeast Anatolia: Hot summer with mild, rainy
winters.
WHAT TO WEAR
Marmara, Aegean, and Mediterranean coasts: Light,
cotton summer clothing and cardigans for evening.
Black Sea Coast, Central and Eastern Anatolia:
Summer wear, warmer clothing should be taken for
cool evenings at high altitudes. Comfortable shoes
are necessary for visiting archaeological and
historical sites.
Visiting a mosque: Five times a day, the "muezzin"
calls the faithful to prayer in the mosque. Before
entering a mosque, Muslims wash themselves and
remove their shoes. Foreign visitors should also
remove their shoes and show the respect they would
any other house of worship and avoid visiting the
mosque during prayer time. Women should cover
their heads and arms, and not wear miniskirts. Men
should not wear shorts. (In certain famous mosques,
overalls are provided for those not suitably
dressed.)
WORKING HOURS
Government offices: 8:30 am - 12:30 pm; 1:30 pm-5:30
pm (Closed Saturday and Sundays, open daily in
tourist areas)
Banks: 8:30 am - 12:00 pm; 1:30 pm-5:00 pm (Closed
Saturday and Sundays, open daily in tourist areas)
Shops: 9:30 am - 7:00 pm (In tourist areas,
closing times vary, some close around midnight)
Covered Bazaar- Istanbul: 8:am - 7:pm (Closed
Sundays)
Summer hours: In the Aegean and the Mediterranean
regions of Turkey, government offices and many
other establishments are closed in the afternoon
during the summer months. These summer hours are
fixed each year by the provincial governors.
OFFICIAL HOLIDAYS IN 2004
New Year’s Day January 1
Sacrifice Festival January 31 (1/2 day) to
February 4
National Sovereignty and Childrens' Day April 23
Ataturk Commemoration & Youths and Sports Festival
May 19
Victory Day August 30
Republic Day October 28 (½ day) to October 29
Ramadan Festival November 13 (½ day) to November
16
IMPORTANT SERVICE TELEPHONE
NUMBERS
Traffic Police: 154
Police: 155
Gendarmerie: 156
Fire: 110
Emergency: 112
International Operator: 118
Municipal Police: 153
POSTAL SYSTEMS AND TELEPHONE
CALLS
Turkish post and telephone offices are easily
recognizable by their "PTT" and "Turk Telekom"
signs. Major post offices are open from 8:00am to
12 am Monday to Saturday and 9:00am to 7:00 pm on
Sunday. Small post offices have the same hours as
Government offices (see below).
Poste restante
Poste restante letters should be addressed
"postrestant" to the central post office ("Merkez
Postanesi") in the town of your choice. It is only
necessary to produce and identification card when
collecting your letter. This service is for
sending and receiving documents from other
countries.
Fax Office
Fax service is available for sending and receiving
documents from other countries.
Valuable Dispatch
This service is for sending valuable belongings or
important documents.
Other PTT services
It is possible to exchange money at some PTT
branches at the current international exchange
rate. International post orders and travellers
cheques can also be exchanged. An express postal
service (Acele Posta Servisi -APS) operates from
Turkey to 72 other countries for letters,
documents and small packages. Stamp collectors
will be delighted with the wide range of special
stamps available from the philatelic section.
International subscriptions are also available.
Phone calls
The most economic way to telephone in Turkey is
from a PTT telephone booth (Found in all towns).
Telephone cards are available.
MISCALLENOUS FACTS
Local Time: GMT+2hours (Summer).
Electricity: 220 volts AC all over Turkey (A
European adaptor will be suitable).
Tap water: Safe to drink in all cities since it
has been chlorinated.
Weights and measurements: Metric System
Foreign Newspapers: Available in large cities and
tourist areas.
Interpreters-guides: Ministry of Tourism Offices
and travel agents can provide professional
interpreters/guides. Travel agents are obliged to
provide a professional interpreter/guide on all of
their tours.
MONEY
Turkey's currency is the New Turkish Lira (YTL).
Many shops and restaurants in the coastal resorts
and big cities accept payment in foreign currency.
But if you are planning to travel to other parts
of the country, it is advisible to take some
Turkish Lira.
With a credit or debit card you can withdraw local
currency from cash machines which are found in
convenient locations in cities, towns and resorts.
There are also cash machines in the arrivals halls
at most airports.Credit cards are widely accepted
in hotels, restaurants and shops.
Travellers cheques and cash can be exchanged for
TL at banks and private exchange offices in Turkey.
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